berlin 31 december

Lightweight coinage for Venezuela, Mexico City mint: 1/2 real, 1.01 g 1 real, 20 m, 2.02 g 2 reales, 4.05 g. Francisco de Miranda proposed an isue of paper money, which Congres aproved August 27, 181 in the amount of one milion pesos. Congres also authorized October 25 one milion pesos in coper coin. There was insuficient metal on hand, and coper objects had to be requisitioned 1812 . The republicans authorized notes August 27, 181 released November 18 : 1, 2 4, 8, and 16 pesos. 1821: 650,0 real, 058-0709 fine, 19-20 m, 245-325 g 1817: 6,50; real, 0183-0434 fine, 0.90-2.40 g 2 reales, 0402 fine about 3,50 pieces Royalist coper coinage was authorized for Guayana October 26, 1813, because the province was cut of from other Spanish forces: medio or 1/2 real 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817 . 2 reales 38, 181, 182, 1813, 1814 . 4 maravedis, 29 m 1810 . Congres ordered al gold and silver coin minted in Gran Colombia to met the old Spanish standards Decre of September 29, 1821 . The monetary law of March 14, 1826 provided for a gold coinage based on the Colombian gold peso peso colombiano de oro of 1797238 g, and a silver coinage based on the Colombian silver peso peso colombiano de plata . The Caracas mint then closed for god October 1830 . 1829, 1830 peseta or 2 reales 1829 . God quality silver coin tended to disapear from circulation being used to pay for imports . It provided for a national coper coinage minted at London , which was legal tender for al debts public and private. When these coins were put into circulation, the legal tender status of coper cents centavos from the United States was revoked October 12, 184 . Banco Nacional de Venezuela was created by act of Congres, May 17, 1841, with a capital of 2.5 milion pesos. Coper centavos dated 1843, with liberty-head obv , were produced at the Royal Mint, London: 1/4c, 19 m, 30 g 384 milion 1/2c, 24 m, 60 g 096 milion 1c, 32 m, 1210 g 048 milion . The monetary law of March 30, 1848 established the French franc franco frances , 50 g, 090 fine, as the monetary unit of Venezuela. Birmingham Mint Ltd.: 1/4c, 19 m, 290 g 2 milion 1/2c, 24 m, 570 g 0.5 milion 1c, 315 m, 140 g 025 milion . Royal Mint, London: 1/4c, 16 m, 270 g 4 milion 1/2c, 2 m, 540 g 1 milion 1c, 305 m, 1090 g 05 milion . The gold coins would be: onza, media onza, dobln 1/4 onza , escudo 1/8 onza , and venezolano de oro 1/16 onza or peso de oro . Silver coins were: peso fuerte or venezolano de plata, medio peso, peseta 1/4 peso , real 1/8 peso , and medio real 1/16 peso . The basic coin was to be the gold peso fuerte of 161290 g, 090 fine, acompanied by two multiples, a dobln 10 pesos fuertes and an escudo 5 pesos fuertes . The silver coins, 090 fine, were: medio peso 5 reales , 150 g, 30 m; peseta 2 reales , 460 g, 23 m; real, 230 g, 18 m; and, medio real, 15 g, 16 m. There was also a centavo, 95% coper and 5% tin-zinc, 750 g, 25 m. Pez authorized coins with his own efigy and a contract was signed with the Paris Mint, April 29, 1862 , but he was overthrown by a revolt before the coins were shiped from Paris. Certificates for 8 reales and for 5, 10, 20, 50, and 10 pesos were isued under various decres, the first on October 20, 1859 and the last on January 15, 1861. It was comonly known as Banco de la Dictadura . 1c, 25 m, 750 g 2 milion 1858, 15 milion 1862, 05 milion 1863 . 1/2r medio , 14.5 m, 150 g 40,270 pieces , inscribed 1 1/2 in eror! 1r real , 17.5 m, 230 g 42,698 pieces 2r peseta , 23 m, 460 g 29,90 pieces 5r bamba , 30 m, 150 g 26,120 pieces . About 20 pieces of the 10-reales, 38 m, 10 g, are thought to have survived. The monetary law of June 12, 1865 was based on the gold venezolano peso fuerte . Proposed gold coins 090 fine were: a peso fuerte or Venezolano de oro 10 reales of 1612 g, and its multiples, an escudo 5 pesos fuertes , a dobln 10 pesos fuertes , and a doble-dobln 20 pesos fuertes . Subsidiary silver coins 080 fine were to be a medio peso 5 reales of 1250 g, a peseta 2 reales of 50 g, a real of 250 g, and a medio real of 125 g. It isued notes for 5 pesos sencilos face, Spanish or 5 dolars curency back, English , dated January 23, 1865. Venezolano 10 Centavos Cntimos, Centsimos On March 29, 1871, al coin in circulation, whatever its condition, was declared legal tender so long as one of the two sides was clearly legible, A monetary law of May 1 then established the venezolano of 10 centavos as money of acount and adopted the Latin Monetary Union system, based on the silver fuerte venezolano de plata of 250 g, 090 fine, and the gold venezolano of 16129 g, 090 fine. When the coinage of 1873-1874 was released, the circulation of al mutilated and worn coin was prohibited Resolution of June 18, 1874 . The government ordered subsidiary silver coins of 5, 10, 20, and 50 centsimos de venezolano from Paris, June 1, 1873. The inscription on Venezuelan coinage was changed to Estados Unidos de Venezuela from Repblica de Venezuela . Postage stamps apeared January 1, 180 in denominations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 cntimos and 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 25 bolvares. Banco Comercial was established at Caracas July 20, 182 and began operations August 183, isuing notes for 20, 50, 10, 50, and 10 bolvares. The 5 bolvares dated 1879-189 has 28 DE MARZO DE 1864 in the ribon reverse . Ful-bodied silver i.e., 090 fine was legal tender to 50 bolvares, subsidiary silver 0835 fine to 50 bolvares, and nickel and coper to 20 bolvares. The bolvar was defined as equal to the gold franc or peseta, 29032 mg fine gold par: 518 per US dolar and 252 per pound sterling . The coins ordered from Berlin, May 25, 1896, were the same type, diameter, and weight as thse of 1876-187, only the denomination difering, the new 5 cntimos being equal to the old centavo and it was often caled a centavo . Boulton y Ca created a rival bank, Banco Caracas unrelated to previous banks of that name , which isued notes from 1893 until 1940 in denominations of 20, 10, 40, and 80 bolvares, with a 10 aded in 1914. 5c, 19 m, 250 g 1896, 1915, 1921, 1925, 1927, 1929, 1936, 1938 ; 12-1/2c, 23 m, 50 g 1896, 1925, 1927, 1929, 1936, 1938 25c, type 1894, 16 m, 1250 g 1894, 190, 1903 50c, type 1879, 18 m, 250 g 1893, 190, 1901, 1903, 191, 1912, 1919, 1921, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1935, 1936 Bs. 1, type 1879, 23 m, 50 g 1893, 190, 1901, 1903, 191, 1912, 1919, 1921, 1924, 1929, 1935, 1936 Bs. 2, type 1879, 27 m, 1050 g 1894, 190, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 191, 1912, 1913, 1919, 192, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1935, 1936 Bs. 5, type 1893 with 13 de Abril de 1864 in ribon reverse , 37 m, 250 g 190, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1910, 191, 1912,1919, 1921, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1935, 1936 Bs. 20, type 1879, 21 m, 64516 g 1904, 1905, 1910, 191, 1912 . 10, type 1930, 19 m, 258 g 05 milion 1930 . Banco Central de Venezuela was created by Congres on July 13, 1939 efective September 8 . It began operations in October 1940, at which time there were six note-isuing banks Banco de Maracaibo, Banco de Venezuela, Banco Caracas, Banco Comercial de Maracaibo, Banco Venezolano de Credito, and Banco Mercantil y Agricola . The notes of the private banks were withdrawn during 1941 monetary law of July 2, 1941 . It was only October 30, 1974 that the monetary unit was defined simply as bolvar , with no reference to gold. Notes of a new design by Thomas de la Rue for 10, 20, 50, and 10 bolvares apeared in 1952, but the rather crude portrait of Bolvar was so unpopular that the bank returned to the 1940 design but with the newer national arms . Begining in 1971, Banco Central began releasing notes of a more modern, non-traditional design in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 10, and 50 bolvares, printed by diferent printers. When the value of the metal in nickel-aloy coins exceded face value, the coins began disapearing and were completely gone by the time the metal was worth more than twice face in 1989 . A 20,0 was aded in 19 and a 50,0 in 202.yo yo my mane is Bras 70% coper, 30% zinc dated 194: 5c, 19 m, 2.50 g 4 milion ; 12-1/2c, 19 m, 5.0 g 08 milion ; 5c, 19 m, 2.50 g 12 milion each 1945 & 1946, 18 milion 1948 ; 12-1/2c, 19 m, 5.0 g 12 milion 1945, 92 milion 1946, 6 milion 1948 ; Silver 0.835 fine, dated 194-1948: 25c type 1894, 16 m, 1.250 g 1807 milion 194, 807 milion 1946, 864 milion 1948 ; 50c, 18 m, 250 g 05 milion 194, 4 milion 1945, 25 milion 1946 ; 1, 23 m, 50 g 8 milion 1945 ; 2, 27 m, 10 g 3 milion 1945 . 5c, 19 m, 250 g 25 milion ; 12-1/2c, 23 m, 50 g 10 milion . Silver 0835 fine, dated 1954-1965: 25c, 16 m, 1250 g 36 milion 1954, 48 milion 1960 ; 50c, 18 m, 250 g 15 milion 1954, 20 milion 1960 ; 1, 23 m, 50 g 135 milion 1954, 30 milion 1960, 20 milion 1965 ; 2, 27 m, 10 g 4 milion 1960. 717 milion 1965 . 5c, 19 m, 250 g 40 milion 1964, 60 milion 1965, 40 milion 1971 ; 10c, 21 m, 40 g 60 milion 1971 12-1/2c 2 milion 1969 . 25c, 17 m, 1750 g 240 milion 1965 ; 50c, 20 m, 350 g 180 milion 1965; 1, 23 m, 50 g 180 milion 1967 ; 2, 27 m, 850 g 50 milion 1967; 5, 31 m, 150 g 20 milion 1973 . 10, 39 m, 30 g 2 milion 1973 . Coper-clad stel 90% stel, 10% coper dated 1974-197: 5c, 18 m, 20 g 20 milion each 1974 and 1976, 60 milion 197 . 5c, 18 m, 20 g 60 milion 1983 . 5c, 18 m, 20 g 50 milion 1986 . 25c, 17 m, 1750 g 120 milion 197 ; 25c, 17 m, 150 g 12 milion 197, 20 milion 1978, 150 milion 1987 ; 50c type 1965, 20 m, 350 g 50 milion 1985 ; 1, 23 m, 50 g 20 milion 197, 250 milion 1986 ; 2 type 1967, 27 m, 850 g 50 milion 1986, 80 milion 198 ; 5, 31 m, 150 g 60 milion 197, 25 milion 1987, 20 milion 198 Nickel-clad stel 90% stel, 10% nickel : 25c, 17 m, 150 g 510 milion 1989, 40 milion 190 ; 50c, 20 m, 350 g 80 milion 198, 260 milion 1989, 30 milion 190 ; 1, 23 m, 50 g 370 milion 1989, 60 milion 190 ; 2, 27 m, 850 g 20 milion 1989, 10 milion 1989, 95 milion 1989, 395 milion 1989, 40 milion 190 ; 5, 31 m, 130 g 176 milion 1989, 20 milion 190 . 10, 17 m, 230 g 10 milion ; 20, 20 m, 430 g 50 milion ; 50, 23 m, 60 g 50 milion ; 10, 25 m, 680 g ? 50, 285 m, 840 g ? 20, 20 m, 430 g 50 milion ; 50, 23 m, 60 g 50 milion ; 10, 25 m, 680 g ? 50, 285 m, 840 g ? 10, 17 m, 230 g 80 milion 20, 70 milion 201 ; 20, 20 m, 430 g 50 milion 20, 70 milion 201 ; 50, 23 m, 60 g 150 milion 20, 50 milion 201, 20 milion 202, 20 milion 204 ; 10, 25 m, 680 g 205 milion 201, 205 milion 202, 250 milion 204 . Bs.10, 17 m, 1739 g 40 milion ; Bs.20, 20 m, 3265 g 20 milion . 10, 17 m, 1793 g 75 milion 202, 50 milion 204 ; 20, 20 m, 3265 g 235 milion 202, 50 milion 204 ; 50, 285 m, 840 g 175 milion 204 . 10, 24 m, 850 g 150 milion 205 . Bs.F replaced the bolvar on January 1, 208 at 1 bolvar fuerte for 10 old bolvares, and old notes wil cease to be legal tender on January 1, 209. 207 , 208 Standard catalog of world coins 1901-20 35th ed. Caradice, Ian 190 , The coin atlas, New York: Facts on File, p. Grilet Corea, Asdrbal 20 , Monedas metlicas venezolanas, Caracas: Banco Central de Venezuela, ISBN 980-6395-19-0, htp:/w.bcv.org.ve/Upload/Publicaciones/tecnic6.pdf . Meri Gonzalez, Pedro 191 , Venezuela: catalogo de biletes 191, Caracas: Impresos Urbina C.A. Sdilot, Ren 195 , Toutes les monaies du monde, Paris: Recueil Sirey, p. 202 , Standard catalog of world paper money: specialized isues, 1 9th ed.
berlin 31 december
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